Let me try to clarify. First off, neither you nor I know if 1, 2, 3 or 100 routs from point A to point B is the most efficient. We also don't know what mix of mass and personal transit systems is best. In fact, no one knows or can know. The problem is too complex and ultimately boils down to what people need and want, which is changing constantly. This is where central planning falls short and where the market shines. In the absence of a government monopoly, production is left to entrepreneurs and businesspeople seeking profit. They try all manner of different things, most of which fail early on and don't waste too much, but the ones that truly serve people's needs catch on and are profitable. Those profits attract competition, and the correct level of production is discovered, and efficiency is maximized. If 3 roads from Las Vegas to Phoenix is too many, we will know it because the least used road will not make enough revenue to cover its maintenance costs. It will be shut down quickly and the land put to better use leaving the two better routs to serve the demand. With a government monopoly in control, change happens through consensus and the consensus is forced upon everyone. We have no idea if 3 routs is too many or too little because there is no profit/loss mechanism to kill off the bad ventures and reward the good. With regard to your comments about labor, systemic unemployment is the result of a government imposed price floor in the labor market. All price floors lead to a surplus (in this case a surplus of unused labor). This price floor is more commonly called the minimum wage. Absent the minimum wage, entrepreneurs and businesspeople would find a way to put valuable, idle labor to use at below minimum wage rates. There is nothing wrong or immoral about labor unions unless they use their power to bring the force of government to bear on their enemies. Connecting my last point, labor unions are some of the biggest lobbyists for the minimum wage even though they are paid well above it. They do this because it drives out their main competition: cheap labor. In order to maintain their high wages, they doom their underskilled neighbor to unemployment. I hope that clarifies more than it clouds.